Integrating physical data into digital systems is crucial for effective urban management. A key challenge is ensuring that Local Digital Twins (LDTs) are built on reliable data collected from physical infrastructure. If sensors are outdated or mismanaged, the accuracy and potential of the digital twin are fundamentally compromised. The LDT integrates diverse sensors to collect real-world data, transforms it through standardized protocols, and ensures its reliable transmission to digital platforms. This unit emphasizes informed sensor selection, maintenance, and governance to ensure data quality and compatibility across multiple urban settings, facilitating effective decision-making. Learners will explore the foundational layers of LDTs: physical infrastructure, data sensing, and data transmission. This unit covers strategic sensor deployment, data collection methodologies, and transmission systems to build reliable digital twins. By understanding these foundational elements, students learn to infl uence the quality and utility of digital models for effi cient urban management.