Evaluating Local Digital Twin (LDT) business models is crucial due to their inherent dynamism infl uenced by social, technological, and environmental factors. This complexity demands continuous assessment and innovation of these models to enhance their resilience and competitiveness against evolving market trends, regulations, and technological advancements that challenge their sustainability. Methodological approaches such as Business Model Stress Testing and the Business Model Evaluation Tool for Smart Cities offer structured paths to assess resilience against uncertainties. These tools enable systematic analysis and comparison of business models, focusing on fi nancial, social, and environmental dimensions, informing strategic decisions to adapt and strengthen the business against potential challenges. This learning unit explores methodologies for evaluating LDT business models, focusing on stress testing for robustness under uncertainty and evaluating models through a smart city lens to balance fi nancial and social objectives. Participants apply these concepts to prior developed models, aligning evaluation activities with sustainable innovation processes and strategic public sector frameworks for development.