Improvement of data sharing and interoperability is critical to foster citizen and business mobility within the EU, boost competitiveness, and enhance digital public services, reducing barriers and ensuring policy effectiveness. Early interoperability considerations prevent costly issues and facilitate easier service access, reducing administrative burdens and promote learning among administrations. Enhancing data sharing and interoperability involves assessment, monitoring, and evaluation. This process identifi es data sharing and interoperability needs, ensures resource effi ciency, and evaluates goal achievement, being accountable to stakeholders. This unit covers the development of assessment methodologies for data sharing and interoperability application processes. It outlines monitoring tools for data sharing and discusses evaluation techniques to measure and enhance interoperability outcomes.